Abstract

Medical device–related pressure injuries are a significant and largely preventable patient safety problem, yet existing pressure injury risk scales do not adequately capture device-specific risk factors in adults. This methodological study developed and psychometrically evaluated a standardized risk assessment scale to identify medical device–related pressure injury risk in hospitalized adult patients. An initial item pool was generated from an extensive literature review and clinical expertise, and content validity was assessed by seven experts using the Davis technique (content validity index = 0.96). The scale was administered to160 adults receiving at least one medical device in medical, surgical and oncology wards and intensive care units of a university hospital. Construct validity was evaluated using binary logistic regression, exploratory factor analysis, and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, demonstrating strong discrimination (area under the curve = 0.844, 95% confidence interval 0.728–0.961) with an optimal cut-off score of 14.5 (sensitivity 70.6%, specificity 88.8%). Exploratory factor analysis of the final version of the MedRAS (Kaiser-Meyer- Olkin = 0.792) revealed a two-factor structure (Device and Mechanical Factors; Patient and Tissue Factors) explaining 50.92% of the total variance, with all factor loadings above 0.30. The scale showed good internal consistency(Cronbach's alpha = 0.80) and very good inter-rater reliability (Cohen's kappa = 0.806, p < 0.001). This device-focused scale maysupport early risk identification and targeted preventive nursing interventions, with potential to improve patient safety and qual-ity of care in inpatient/critical care settings.

Notes

Open Access Details:

This is an open access article originally published under the terms of a Creative Commons License, which permits the Sigma Repository to post a copy in its collections. The license is attached to this item record; please click on the license for further details.

Original Article Citation:

A. Karadağ, A. Uçanbelen, and Ö. E. Dalli, “ Development and Psychometric Evaluation of a Medical Device–Related Pressure Injury Risk Assessment Scale,” International Wound Journal 23, no. 4 (2026): e70918, https://doi.org/10.1111/iwj.70918.

No changes have been made to this article.

Author Details

See attached article for author details.

Sigma Membership

Non-member

Type

Article

Format Type

Text-based Document

Study Design/Type

Other

Research Approach

Quantitative Research

Keywords:

Instrument Construction, Instrument Validation, Psychometrics, Pressure Ulcer, Risk Assessment, Scales--Evaluation

Creative Commons License

Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License

Publisher

Wiley Blackwell

Version

Publisher's Version

Rights Holder

All rights reserved by the author(s) and/or publisher(s) listed in this item record unless relinquished in whole or part by a rights notation or a Creative Commons License present in this item record. All permission requests should be directed accordingly and not to the Sigma Repository. All submitting authors or publishers have affirmed that when using material in their work where they do not own copyright, they have obtained permission of the copyright holder prior to submission and the rights holder has been acknowledged as necessary.

Review Type

External Review: Previously Published Material

Acquisition

Indexed Previously Published Material (Per Creative Commons License)

Date of Issue

2026-07-24

Full Text of Presentation

wf_yes

Download
Click on the above link to access the article.

Share

COinS