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Educating to Exhaustion: Examining Efforts, Rewards, Burnout, and Intention to Leave Among Full-Time Faculty [Title Slide]

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Rapid Presentation Round

Abstract

Background: The nursing faculty shortage is a contributor to the nursing shortage. Intention to leave the full-time faculty role for non-retirement reasons, including poor effort-reward balance or burnout, may be a underacknowledged contributor to the faculty shortage (Leiberg et al., 2025; Malin et al., 2024). The Effort-Reward Imbalance model predicts both burnout and intention to leave as an outcome of poor balance between efforts required by work and rewards obtained through work (Siegrist & Li, 2020). The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between efforts, rewards, burnout, and intention to leave among full-time nursing faculty using the Effort-Reward Imbalance model.

Methods: This cross-sectional survey took place in fall 2024. We included a national sample of full-time nursing faculty recruited via a targeted email campaign to United States nursing education institution administrators. Measures included demographic data, standardized measures of nursing faculty satisfaction with attributes of their faculty jobs, efforts, rewards, burnout, and intention to leave the nursing faculty role within the next 3 years. Structural equation modeling was used to evaluate the relationships between variables.

Results: The sample comprised of N=588 participants, of whom 40.3% reported intention to leave. The SEM had a significant fit with the data, X2=47.389, p< 0.01, CFI=0.993, TLI=0.991, SRMR=0.028. Efforts and rewards (latent variables) both had significant relationships with intention to leave (measured variable), that were mediated by burnout (measured variable). Rewards had the greatest direct and combined effects on intention to leave. Dissatisfaction with the service component of the faculty role had the greatest impact on the rewards latent variable.

Conclusion: Findings demonstrate that faculty satisfaction, workload, rewards, burnout, and intention to leave are intricately linked. Nursing education administrators should recognize these interdependencies when designing solutions to mitigate the faculty shortage. Excessive “institutional housekeeping” in the service component of the faculty role has been found by previous studies to overburden female university faculty and may disproportionately affect nursing faculty (who are majority-female) (Järvinen & Mik-Meyer, 2024; Schlaby et al., 2021). Further research is needed on the potential impact of gendered division of academic labor on nursing faculty dissatisfaction and intention to leave.

Notes

References:

Järvinen, M., & Mik-Meyer, N. (2024). Giving and receiving: Gendered service work in academia. Current Sociology, 73(3), 302-320. https://doi.org/10.1177/00113921231224754

Leiberg, J., Christianson, J., Malin, K., Grabert, L., & Zemlak, J. (2025). Addressing the Nursing Faculty Shortage: Associations Between Burnout and Work Rewards with Intention to Leave. Nursing Education Research Conference, Washington D.C., United States.

Malin, K. J., Zemlak, J., Christianson, J., Leiberg, J., & Grabert, L. (2024). Feasibility and acceptability of studying full-time nurse faculty salaries. BMC Nurs, 23(1), 511. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-024-02186-3
Shalaby, M., Allam, N., & Buttorff, G. J. (2021). Leveling the field: Gender inequity in academia during COVID-19. PS: Political Science & Politics, 54(4), 661-667. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1049096521000615

Siegrist, J., & Li, J. (2020). Effort-Reward Imbalance and Occupational Health. In Handbook of Socioeconomic Determinants of Occupational Health (pp. 355-382). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31438-5_14

Description

The nursing faculty shortage is a contributor to the nursing shortage. Intention to leave the full-time faculty role for non-retirement reasons, including poor effort-reward balance or burnout, may be a underacknowledged contributor to the faculty shortage. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between efforts, rewards, burnout, and intention to leave among full-time nursing faculty using the Effort-Reward Imbalance model.

Author Details

Jaqueline Christianson, PhD, RN, FNP-C, CNE;

Kathryn J. Malin, PhD, RN, NNP-BC;

Jessica Leiberg, PhD, DNP, RN, ACNP;

Lisa Grabert, MPH;

Jessica Zemlak, PhD, RN, FNP-BC, PMHNP-BC

Sigma Membership

Delta Gamma at-Large

Type

Presentation

Format Type

Text-based Document

Study Design/Type

Cross-Sectional

Research Approach

Quantitative Research

Keywords:

Faculty Development, Workforce, Nursing Faculty, Professional Development, Personnel Turnover, Personnel Retention

Conference Name

Creating Healthy Work Environments

Conference Host

Sigma Theta Tau International

Conference Location

Washington, DC, USA

Conference Year

2026

Rights Holder

All rights reserved by the author(s) and/or publisher(s) listed in this item record unless relinquished in whole or part by a rights notation or a Creative Commons License present in this item record. All permission requests should be directed accordingly and not to the Sigma Repository. All submitting authors or publishers have affirmed that when using material in their work where they do not own copyright, they have obtained permission of the copyright holder prior to submission and the rights holder has been acknowledged as necessary.

Review Type

Abstract Review Only: Reviewed by Event Host

Acquisition

Proxy-submission

Date of Issue

2026-04-29

Funder

National League for Nursing

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Examining Efforts, Rewards, Burnout, and Intention to Leave Among Full-Time Nursing Faculty

Washington, DC, USA

Background: The nursing faculty shortage is a contributor to the nursing shortage. Intention to leave the full-time faculty role for non-retirement reasons, including poor effort-reward balance or burnout, may be a underacknowledged contributor to the faculty shortage (Leiberg et al., 2025; Malin et al., 2024). The Effort-Reward Imbalance model predicts both burnout and intention to leave as an outcome of poor balance between efforts required by work and rewards obtained through work (Siegrist & Li, 2020). The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between efforts, rewards, burnout, and intention to leave among full-time nursing faculty using the Effort-Reward Imbalance model.

Methods: This cross-sectional survey took place in fall 2024. We included a national sample of full-time nursing faculty recruited via a targeted email campaign to United States nursing education institution administrators. Measures included demographic data, standardized measures of nursing faculty satisfaction with attributes of their faculty jobs, efforts, rewards, burnout, and intention to leave the nursing faculty role within the next 3 years. Structural equation modeling was used to evaluate the relationships between variables.

Results: The sample comprised of N=588 participants, of whom 40.3% reported intention to leave. The SEM had a significant fit with the data, X2=47.389, p< 0.01, CFI=0.993, TLI=0.991, SRMR=0.028. Efforts and rewards (latent variables) both had significant relationships with intention to leave (measured variable), that were mediated by burnout (measured variable). Rewards had the greatest direct and combined effects on intention to leave. Dissatisfaction with the service component of the faculty role had the greatest impact on the rewards latent variable.

Conclusion: Findings demonstrate that faculty satisfaction, workload, rewards, burnout, and intention to leave are intricately linked. Nursing education administrators should recognize these interdependencies when designing solutions to mitigate the faculty shortage. Excessive “institutional housekeeping” in the service component of the faculty role has been found by previous studies to overburden female university faculty and may disproportionately affect nursing faculty (who are majority-female) (Järvinen & Mik-Meyer, 2024; Schlaby et al., 2021). Further research is needed on the potential impact of gendered division of academic labor on nursing faculty dissatisfaction and intention to leave.