Abstract

Background: Assessing and managing symptom is a core role of oncology nurses. Fatigue is the most common and distressing symptoms in cancer patients. Mechanism-specific interventions are not currently available and most interventions are supportive care, such as exercise. Its pathophysiological mechanisms are still unclear, complex and multifactorial. A plausible hypothetical mechanisms is the pro-inflammatory cytokines dysregulation hypothesis. Yet, the evidence for which cytokines and what time point would play a role in fatigue experience is uncertain at this time point due to design issues of the studies.

Objectives: We examined (a) the patterns of changes in fatigue severity during chemotherapy for hematologic cancer, and (b) whether fatigue change is associated with cytokines (IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6) in controlling for hemoglobin/hematocrit.

Methods: This study was a longitudinal cohort study. We recruited 148 hematological cancer patients awaiting chemotherapy. We collected data at four time points: the prior to chemotherapy (T1, on the day or prior to CTX day), at the last day of chemotherapy (T2), at one week after the chemotherapy completion (T3), and one month after T1 (T4). We performed latent growth curve modeling to examine the patterns of changes in fatigue severity and its associations with cytokines and hemoglobin/hematocrit.

Results: Latent growth curve modeling identified a quadratic growth curve model, showing the good model fit (comparative fit index = 0.99, Tucker- Lewis index =0.98, RMSEA =0.05 ), and high variance explanation power (R2 = 0.61 -0.69, fatigue severity across time point). That is, fatigue severity changed in a quadratic growth curve pattern. Fatigue severity increased from T1 to T2 (the end of chemotherapy) and then decreased over time (T3 &T4). IL-6 significantly influenced fatigue severity at T1, T2, T3, but not at T4 (i.e., 1 month after the baseline assessment). The impact of IL-6 on fatigue was independent from the impact of hemoglobin level/hematocrit, though most patients were anemic.

Conclusions: We provide evidence of longitudinal associations between fatigue severity and cytokines. The influence of IL-6 on fatigue is greater than the impact of hemoglobin level. Yet, the influence of IL-6 may be limited during and shortly after chemotherapy. This indicates the impact time point of cytokines on symptom experience. The findings can guide the development of new symptom management strategies.

Notes

References:

Berger AM, Mooney K, Alvarez-Perez A, et al. (2015) Cancer-related fatigue, Version 2.2015. J Nat Comp Canc Net 13(8):1012–1039. https://doi.org/10.6004/jnccn.2015.0122

Oswald LB, Venditti A, Cella D, et al. (2023) Fatigue in newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukaemia: General population comparison and predictive factors. BMJ Sup Pal Care. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjspcare-2020-002312

Wang XS, Shi Q, Shah ND, et al. (2014) Inflammatory markers and development of symptom burden in patients with multiple myeloma during autologous stem cell transplantation. Clin Canc Res 20(5):1366–1374. https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-13-2442

Huang HP, Chen ML, Liang J, Miaskowski C. (2014) Changes in and predictors of severity of fatigue in women with breast cancer: A longitudinal study. Int J Nurs Stud 51(4):582–592. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2013.09.003

Miaskowski C, Dodd M, Lee K, et al. (2010) Preliminary evidence of an association between a functional interleukin-6 polymorphism and fatigue and sleep disturbance in oncology patients and their family caregivers. J Pain Symp Manage 40(4):531–544. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2009.12.006

Description

This study:

  1. examined a hypothetical biological mechanism of fatigue: the pro-inflammatory cytokines dysregulation.
  2. analyzed the longitudinal data collected from 148 hematological cancer patients over the course of chemotherapy.
  3. found that the quadratic pattern of changes in fatigue severity during chemotherapy is associated with IL-6 in controlling for hemoglobin/hematocrit, IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta. The impact of IL-6 seem to be limited during and shortly after chemotherapy.

Author Details

Hee-Ju Kim, PhD, RN; Joon Ho Moon, MD, PhD; Tenko Raykov, PhD

Sigma Membership

Lambda Alpha at-Large

Type

Poster

Format Type

Text-based Document

Study Design/Type

Cohort

Research Approach

Quantitative Research

Keywords:

Implementation Science, Cancer Patients, Fatigue, Oncology Nursing, Cytokines

Conference Name

36th International Nursing Research Congress

Conference Host

Sigma Theta Tau International

Conference Location

Seattle, Washington, USA

Conference Year

2025

Rights Holder

All rights reserved by the author(s) and/or publisher(s) listed in this item record unless relinquished in whole or part by a rights notation or a Creative Commons License present in this item record.

Review Type

Abstract Review Only: Reviewed by Event Host

Acquisition

Proxy-submission

Click on the above link to access the poster.

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Longitudinal Association of Fatigue with Cytokines Over the Course of Hematologic Cancer Treatment

Seattle, Washington, USA

Background: Assessing and managing symptom is a core role of oncology nurses. Fatigue is the most common and distressing symptoms in cancer patients. Mechanism-specific interventions are not currently available and most interventions are supportive care, such as exercise. Its pathophysiological mechanisms are still unclear, complex and multifactorial. A plausible hypothetical mechanisms is the pro-inflammatory cytokines dysregulation hypothesis. Yet, the evidence for which cytokines and what time point would play a role in fatigue experience is uncertain at this time point due to design issues of the studies.

Objectives: We examined (a) the patterns of changes in fatigue severity during chemotherapy for hematologic cancer, and (b) whether fatigue change is associated with cytokines (IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6) in controlling for hemoglobin/hematocrit.

Methods: This study was a longitudinal cohort study. We recruited 148 hematological cancer patients awaiting chemotherapy. We collected data at four time points: the prior to chemotherapy (T1, on the day or prior to CTX day), at the last day of chemotherapy (T2), at one week after the chemotherapy completion (T3), and one month after T1 (T4). We performed latent growth curve modeling to examine the patterns of changes in fatigue severity and its associations with cytokines and hemoglobin/hematocrit.

Results: Latent growth curve modeling identified a quadratic growth curve model, showing the good model fit (comparative fit index = 0.99, Tucker- Lewis index =0.98, RMSEA =0.05 ), and high variance explanation power (R2 = 0.61 -0.69, fatigue severity across time point). That is, fatigue severity changed in a quadratic growth curve pattern. Fatigue severity increased from T1 to T2 (the end of chemotherapy) and then decreased over time (T3 &T4). IL-6 significantly influenced fatigue severity at T1, T2, T3, but not at T4 (i.e., 1 month after the baseline assessment). The impact of IL-6 on fatigue was independent from the impact of hemoglobin level/hematocrit, though most patients were anemic.

Conclusions: We provide evidence of longitudinal associations between fatigue severity and cytokines. The influence of IL-6 on fatigue is greater than the impact of hemoglobin level. Yet, the influence of IL-6 may be limited during and shortly after chemotherapy. This indicates the impact time point of cytokines on symptom experience. The findings can guide the development of new symptom management strategies.