Abstract

Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) during pregnancy is a significant public health issue and leads to severe consequences for both the mother and fetus, including risks of preterm birth, low birth weight, and maternal psychological distress such as depression, anxiety, PTSD, and even maternal mortality. Despite its prevalence, comparable to conditions like gestational diabetes and preeclampsia, there is no global universal screening protocol for IPV.

Objectives: This presentation covers the findings and discussions on a scoping review with the content of (1) existing clinical guidelines and practices for IPV screening across different countries; (2) current screening methods and tools, and (3) universal screening implementation.

Results: Recommendations on universal screening vary across countries including US, UK, Australia and New Zealand. We highlighted challenges such as victim awareness, healthcare providers’ knowledge and training, and structural barriers in healthcare systems. Regarding the screening tools, we found there is a need for a valid and reliable screening tool, targeting pregnant women. Also, scientific evidence supporting the screening program, and integrating education, testing, clinical services, and program management are lacking. Apart from self-reporting, we explored potential biomarkers related to IPV, including inflammatory indicators, epigenetic and genetic influences, and various chemical compounds and proteins.

Conclusion: With the advancement of digital technology and various biomarkers identification, screening and detecting IPV in clinical settings can be conducted systemically. A systems-level interventions with academia-community-industrial partnerships can help connect pregnant women to desire support services to avoid adverse maternal and child health outcomes.

Notes

References:

1. Janet Yuen-Ha Wong, Shiben Zhu, Haixia Ma, Patrick Ip, Ko Ling Chan, Wing Cheong Leung (2024). Intimate partner violence during pregnancy: To screen or not to screen? Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 97,102541, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2024.102541.

2. Afiaz A, Biswas RK, Shamma R, Ananna N. Intimate partner violence (IPV) with miscarriages, stillbirths and abortions: identifying vulnerable households for women in Bangladesh. PLoS One 2020;15(7):e0236670. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0236670.

3. Guo C, Wan M, Wang Y, Wang P, Tousey-Pfarrer M, Liu H, et al. Associations between intimate partner violence and adverse birth outcomes during pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Med 2023;10:1140787. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2023.1140787.

4. Feltner C, Wallace I, Berkman N, Kistler CE, Middleton JC, Barclay C, et al. Screening for intimate partner violence, elder abuse, and abuse of vulnerable adults: evidence report and systematic review for the US preventive services task force. JAMA 2018;320(16):1688–701. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2018.13212.

5. Livings MS, Hsiao V, Withers M. Breaking the cycle of family violence: a critique of family violence interventions. Trauma Violence Abuse 2022;24(4):2544–59. https://doi.org/10.1177/15248380221098049.

Description

Despite its prevalence of IPV during pregnancy, there is no global universal screening protocol for IPV. The presentation reviews existing clinical guidelines and practices for IPV screening and its implementation. There is a need for a valid and reliable screening tool targeting pregnant women, supported by scientific evidence. Potential biomarkers related to IPV were also explored. Systems-level interventions involving academia, community, and industry partnerships are recommended.

Author Details

Janet Wong, PhD, RN, FAAN; Haixia Ma, PhD, RN

Sigma Membership

Pi Iota at-Large

Type

Presentation

Format Type

Text-based Document

Study Design/Type

Other

Research Approach

Translational Research/Evidence-based Practice

Keywords:

Health Equity or Social Determinants of Health, Instrument and Tool Development, Public and Community Health, Intimate Partner Violence, IPV, IPV Screening

Conference Name

36th International Nursing Research Congress

Conference Host

Sigma Theta Tau International

Conference Location

Seattle, Washington, USA

Conference Year

2025

Rights Holder

All rights reserved by the author(s) and/or publisher(s) listed in this item record unless relinquished in whole or part by a rights notation or a Creative Commons License present in this item record.

Review Type

Abstract Review Only: Reviewed by Event Host

Acquisition

Proxy-submission

Click on the above link to access the slide deck.

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Universal Screening of Intimate Partner Violence During Pregnancy: A Scoping Review

Seattle, Washington, USA

Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) during pregnancy is a significant public health issue and leads to severe consequences for both the mother and fetus, including risks of preterm birth, low birth weight, and maternal psychological distress such as depression, anxiety, PTSD, and even maternal mortality. Despite its prevalence, comparable to conditions like gestational diabetes and preeclampsia, there is no global universal screening protocol for IPV.

Objectives: This presentation covers the findings and discussions on a scoping review with the content of (1) existing clinical guidelines and practices for IPV screening across different countries; (2) current screening methods and tools, and (3) universal screening implementation.

Results: Recommendations on universal screening vary across countries including US, UK, Australia and New Zealand. We highlighted challenges such as victim awareness, healthcare providers’ knowledge and training, and structural barriers in healthcare systems. Regarding the screening tools, we found there is a need for a valid and reliable screening tool, targeting pregnant women. Also, scientific evidence supporting the screening program, and integrating education, testing, clinical services, and program management are lacking. Apart from self-reporting, we explored potential biomarkers related to IPV, including inflammatory indicators, epigenetic and genetic influences, and various chemical compounds and proteins.

Conclusion: With the advancement of digital technology and various biomarkers identification, screening and detecting IPV in clinical settings can be conducted systemically. A systems-level interventions with academia-community-industrial partnerships can help connect pregnant women to desire support services to avoid adverse maternal and child health outcomes.