Abstract

Background: Nursing neurologic assessments are essential for timely recognition and escalation of changes in neurologic status (1-3). However, nursing neurologic assessments lacked standardization on a 51-bed pediatric oncology and bone marrow transplant unit. Approximately 40% of emergency transfers (4) over three years were related to neurologic changes and nurses lacked confidence in performing neurologic assessments.

Purpose: The purpose of this quality improvement project was to standardize the process for nursing neurologic assessments, with aims to: 1) increase nurses’ confidence in performing neurologic assessments and 2) decrease emergency transfers related to changes in neurologic status.

Methods: The Serial Neurologic Assessment in Pediatrics (SNAP) tool (5) was implemented as the unit's standard of care nursing neurologic assessment in August 2023. A five-question survey of nurses’ self-reported confidence was completed at four timepoints. Questions were designed on a Likert scale, with scores ranging from 1 (not confident) to 5 (completely confident). An independent t-test compared scores at different timepoints. Scores of 4 and 5 were grouped as ‘confident’ in summary analysis.

Emergency transfers were identified through existing hospital systems and chart review identified events with neurologic changes. Documentation compliance was measured to assess tool adoption and identify if implementation unintentionally introduced disparities.

Outcomes: A statistically significant increase in nurses’ confidence was observed from baseline to post-implementation (p<0.0001). Prior to education, 58% of nurses reported confidence around neurologic assessments (n=116), increasing to 87% post-implementation (n=91), 89% 6-months post-implementation (n=114), and 89% 2-years post-implementation (n=121). There was a 58% reduction in rate of emergency transfer for neurologic change in the two years following SNAP implementation, and 76% of nurses reported that SNAP played a key role in their identification of a patient’s neurologic change. Documentation compliance was 81%, and there was no difference in documentation by patient race, ethnicity, language, or payor group.

Discussion: SNAP was successfully implemented on an inpatient pediatric oncology unit, standardizing the nursing neurologic assessment, promoting early recognition of neurologic changes, sustainably increasing nurses’ confidence and decreasing emergency transfers related to changes in neurologic status.

Notes

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References:

1. Cartwright, C., Battick, K., Coffman, J., Crespo, Y., Fagan, C., & Szego, S. (2023). Neurological assessment of the hospitalized child [White paper]. American Association of Neuroscience Nurses. https://aann.org/uploads/about/AANN23_Neuro_Pediatric_White_Paper_062823_final.pdf

2. Greenshields, S. (2019). Neurological assessment in children and young people. British Journal of Nursing, 28(16), 1056-1059. https://doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2019.28.16.1056

3. Mushta, J., Rush, K. L., & Andersen, E. (2017). Failure to rescue as a nurse-sensitive indicator. Nursing Forum, 53(1), 84-92. https://doi.org/10.1111/nuf.12215

4. Hussain, F. S., Sosa, T., Ambroggio, L., Gallagher, R., & Brady, P. W. (2019). Emergency transfers: An important predictor of adverse outcomes in hospitalized children. Journal of Hospital Medicine, 14(8), 482-485. https://doi.org/10.12788/jhm.3219

5. Kirschen, M.P., Smith, K.A., Snyder, M., Zhang, B., Flibotte, J., Heimall, L., Budznski, K., DeLeo, R., Cona, J., Bocage, C., Hur, L., Winters, M., Hanna, R., Mensinger, J.L., Huh, J., Lang, S-S., Barg, F.K., Shea, J.A., Ichord, R., Berg, R.A., Levine, J.M., Nadkarni, V., & Topjian, A. (2021). Serial neurologic assessment in pediatrics (SNAP): A new tool for bedside neurological assessment of critically ill children. Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, 22(5), 483-495. https://doi.org/10.1097/PCC.0000000000002675

Description

The Serial Neurologic Assessment in Pediatrics tool was implemented as the standard of care nursing neurologic assessment on a 51-bed pediatric oncology and bone marrow transplant unit in August 2023. In the two years following implementation, there was a significant increase in nurses’ self-reported confidence (58% to 89%, p<0.0001) and a 58% reduction in rate of emergency transfers related to neurologic changes.

Author Details

Katherine "Katie" Smith, DNP, MPH, RN, ACCNS-P, CPN, CPHON; Jessica McWhorter, MSN, RN, CPNP-AC; Cara Gliddon, MSN, RN, CPHON; Barbara Poloskey, MSN, RN, NPD-BC, CPHON; Sanjiv Mehta, MD, MSCE; Kimberly DiGerolamo, DNP, RN, PCNS-BC, CPHON, CPN, EBP-C, FCNS

Sigma Membership

Beta Xi at-Large, Nu Beta at-Large

Type

Presentation

Format Type

Text-based Document

Study Design/Type

Quality Improvement

Research Approach

Translational Research/Evidence-based Practice

Keywords:

Advancing Clinical Practice, Acute Care, Implementation Science, Competence, Neurologic Examination, Pediatric Oncology Nursing

Conference Name

37th International Nursing Research Congress

Conference Host

Sigma Theta Tau International

Conference Location

Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Conference Year

2026

Rights Holder

All rights reserved by the author(s) and/or publisher(s) listed in this item record unless relinquished in whole or part by a rights notation or a Creative Commons License present in this item record. All permission requests should be directed accordingly and not to the Sigma Repository. All submitting authors or publishers have affirmed that when using material in their work where they do not own copyright, they have obtained permission of the copyright holder prior to submission and the rights holder has been acknowledged as necessary.

Review Type

Abstract Review Only: Reviewed by Event Host

Acquisition

Proxy-submission

Date of Issue

2026-08-27

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SNAP Into Action: Standardizing Nursing Neurologic Assessments in Pediatric Oncology

Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Background: Nursing neurologic assessments are essential for timely recognition and escalation of changes in neurologic status (1-3). However, nursing neurologic assessments lacked standardization on a 51-bed pediatric oncology and bone marrow transplant unit. Approximately 40% of emergency transfers (4) over three years were related to neurologic changes and nurses lacked confidence in performing neurologic assessments.

Purpose: The purpose of this quality improvement project was to standardize the process for nursing neurologic assessments, with aims to: 1) increase nurses’ confidence in performing neurologic assessments and 2) decrease emergency transfers related to changes in neurologic status.

Methods: The Serial Neurologic Assessment in Pediatrics (SNAP) tool (5) was implemented as the unit's standard of care nursing neurologic assessment in August 2023. A five-question survey of nurses’ self-reported confidence was completed at four timepoints. Questions were designed on a Likert scale, with scores ranging from 1 (not confident) to 5 (completely confident). An independent t-test compared scores at different timepoints. Scores of 4 and 5 were grouped as ‘confident’ in summary analysis.

Emergency transfers were identified through existing hospital systems and chart review identified events with neurologic changes. Documentation compliance was measured to assess tool adoption and identify if implementation unintentionally introduced disparities.

Outcomes: A statistically significant increase in nurses’ confidence was observed from baseline to post-implementation (p<0.0001). Prior to education, 58% of nurses reported confidence around neurologic assessments (n=116), increasing to 87% post-implementation (n=91), 89% 6-months post-implementation (n=114), and 89% 2-years post-implementation (n=121). There was a 58% reduction in rate of emergency transfer for neurologic change in the two years following SNAP implementation, and 76% of nurses reported that SNAP played a key role in their identification of a patient’s neurologic change. Documentation compliance was 81%, and there was no difference in documentation by patient race, ethnicity, language, or payor group.

Discussion: SNAP was successfully implemented on an inpatient pediatric oncology unit, standardizing the nursing neurologic assessment, promoting early recognition of neurologic changes, sustainably increasing nurses’ confidence and decreasing emergency transfers related to changes in neurologic status.